Vested
Research

Institutional commentary on public pension systems.

Funding Stress9 min

The 10 Most Underfunded Public Pension Systems Entering 2025

A structured ranking of the most fiscally pressured statewide pension systems, with funded ratios, PSI scores, and contribution adequacy analysis.

2025-01-14Read →
Public Finance12 min

Contribution Pressure Across U.S. States: A 2014-2024 Review

ADC payment patterns, employer pickup trends, and how rising required contributions are reshaping state operating budgets.

2024-12-02Read →
Stress Analytics7 min

A Decade of Funding Deterioration

Tracking funded-ratio drift, discount-rate adjustments, and net pension liability accumulation since 2014.

2024-11-08Read →
Actuarial6 min

Pension Assumption Risk: When 7% Becomes 6%

How discount-rate revisions cascade through TPL, NPL, and required contributions across the largest U.S. systems.

2024-10-21Read →
Methodology10 min

Introducing the Pension Stress Index (PSI)

A composite institutional-grade metric combining funding stress, contribution pressure, and cash flow stress.

2024-09-30Read →
Liquidity8 min

The Cash Flow Cliff: Mature Plans and Negative Net Cash Flow

When benefit payments outpace contributions, investment returns must do the impossible. We map the systems most exposed.

2024-08-12Read →